PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) sangat popular penggunaannya, baik dalam percakapan sehari-hari maupun dalam buku-buku bacaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat ini dikenal dengan kata kerja berawalan di- (ditulis, diberi, dimarahi, dll). Dalam kalimat aktif mungkin kita mengatakan demikian :

The teacher warned John for being late. —> Guru memperingatkan John karena terlambat.

Tetapi kalau kita ingin menyatakan kalimat ini dalam bentuk pasif, kita akan mengatakan :

John was warned by the teacher for being late. —> John diperingatkan oleh guru karena terlambat.

Aturan-aturan untuk membentuk kalimat pasif, yaitu (1) Kalimatnya harus mempunyai Object (Transitive Verb). (2) Object dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subject dalam kalimat pasif. (3) Kata kerjanya harus bentuk ke-III (Past Participle) didahului oleh to be (am, is, are, was, were, been). Dan (4) Susunan kalimat menurut Tenses.

A. Simple Past Tense

Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.

B. Simple Present Tense

Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.

C. Present Perfect Tense

Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.

D. Present Continuous Tense

Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.

E. Simple Future Tense

Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.

F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries

Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.

(BK)