GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

Gratitude : The way to said thank you to other people

Example Gratitude :	Respon :
- Thanks you very much - Thanks you for your help - I am really very grateful to you	You are welcome Don't mention it It's pleasure

Compliment : To give praising to people

Example :

• What I nice dress!
• You look great
• You look very nice
• Excelent!
• Nice work!

Congratulation : To said “good” for other people

Example :

• Congratulation!
• Congratulation on your success!
• Happy Birthday!
• Happy New Year!

Gratitude : an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking :

* Thank you very much

* Thank you for your help

* I'm really very grateful to you

* You're welcome

* Don't mention it

* It's a pleasure / My pleasure

* I want to express my gratitude to ( God, my family, my friends, my boyfriend/girlfriend )

* I'm grateful to your help

Compliment : an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:

* on his/her general appearance

* if you notice something new about the person's appearance

* when you visit someone's house for the first time

* when other people do their best

Complimenting :

* What a nice dress !

* You look great

* You look very nice/beautiful/handsome

* I really must express my admiration for your dance

* Good grades !

* Excellent !

* Nice work !

* Good job !

Congratulation : an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating :

* Congratulations !

* Congratulations on your success !

* Happy Birthday !

* Merry Christmas !

* Happy New Year !

* Happy Lebaran Day !/Happy Led !

* Happy Valentine !

* Happy Anniversary !

SURPRISE & DISBELIEF

SURPRISE : The act of coming upon unawarss or of taking suddenly and with out preparation

To example :

• What a surprise!
• That a surprise!
• Fancy that!
• Oh my god!
• My goodness!

DISBELIEF : To had nut to be true or not to exist

To Express :

• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious?
• You are kidding?

Suprise Or Disbelief is An expression that we show/say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe and surprise or disbelief used to express something that we can't or impossible.

To Express surprise :

- What a surprise!

- That's a surprise

- Well that's very surprising

- Really ?

- What ?

- Are you serious? You must be joking

- You're kidding!

- Fancy That!

- I must say..... surprise me

Surprising amazement of something :

- Fantastic!

- Wonderful

- It's Great!

- It's terrific

- Wow, that's amazing!

- It's very nice

- Impressive

When you got a surprising fact, you can say :

- Do You Know What ?

- Believe it or not ?

- You may not believe it but...

- Can you believe this ?

Respons :

- Really ?

- Are you sure ?

- Are you joking ?

- Where ? Show Me

Example Surprise :

Doni : Do You know what ? My father bought me computer yesterday

Rio : Wow, It's very nice.

INVITATION (WRITTEN)

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something ..

There are 2 types of invitation :

Formal invitation is usually originate from institutes, companies, and a kind of it. Normally, formal invitation is written invitation ..



Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation ..

* Verbal Invitation
Extending (mengundang), example :
* I would like to invite you to come to my office
* Would you like to come to my house ?
* How would you like to go fishing with us next week ?
* If you are not busy, please try to come to my café
* Are you free this evening ?
* Let’s go to my school anniversary !
* Can you come ?
* Please try to come
* We hope you will join us
* If you don’t have any other plans, would you come to the restaurant ?
* Would you please attend my party tonight ?
* If you don’t mind, please come to house tomorrow
* Let’s have to dinner together with me
* Would you mind coming to my birthday party ?

* Accepting (menerima), example :
* I’d love to
* I like that
* That sounds great
* Thank you for the invitation
* That would be wonderful
* I’d be glad to ….
* That sounds like fun
* It’s very nice of you to invite me
* It sounds interesting
* Thank you . Yes, I would to ….
* Ok !

* Declining (menolak), example :
* I’d love to, but I can’t, because ….
* I’m really sorry because I can’t come
* Sorry, I’m really busy
* I’d love to, but I won’t be able to ….
* I’d love to but I don’t think I can
* Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks
* That’s nice / great. Unfortunately / however ….
* That’s very kind of you, but ….

Example :

Vita : Kia, today is my brother's birthday. What about having dinner together with us ?

Zaskia : All right. What time will you celebrate it ?

Vita : At seven. Shall I pick you up ?

Zaskia : If you don't mind. But I will stay in my uncle house tonight.

Example of written invitation

1. In formal Invitation

From : Pujja

To : Elisa

Hi, friend next week is my birthday. At my birthday I am 16 years old.

And I would like you to come to my birthday Party.

Date : July 4 2009

Time : 03.00 pm

Place : In Batang Garing

I will be happy if you come to my birthday Party.

See you …..

2. Formal Invitation

STUDENT ORGANIZATION OF SMA NEGERI 2 PAHANDUT

K.S.Tubun Street No 02 Palangkaraya Tel[. (0536) 3223322

To : Steven Kristino, class XI IA 3

Would you please attend our meeting that will be held

Day : on Friday, may 2008

Time : at 10.00 am

Place : in the school hall

Please, come on time. See you there !

Secretary

Christamaya

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?

* Do you know...?

* Do you happen to know...?

* I'd like to know...

* Could you find out...?

* I'm interested in...

* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...

* I'm calling about...

Asking for Information

Information about company

What does your company do?

What is your specialty?

What do you specialize in?

What is your main line of business?

We produce marketing materials.

We specialize in art and design.

What are your major products?

What services do you provide?

We produce office machines.

We design software.

We provide technical support.

Information about products

Could you give me some (more) information on this?

What can you tell me about this (product)?

Tell me about this one/model.

This is one of our top brands.

It's our best selling refrigerator.

This one is the best in its class.

We're really pleased with its performance.

It's an excellent computer.

I highly recommend this one.

This model comes with several features.

This particular one has two components.

Information about Price What are you asking for this?

What does this sell for?

How much is it?

How much does it run?

This (one) sells for $5900.

This one goes for $2900.

This one is priced at $9695.

Construction

Formula Question Word Example Finish

Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish

I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only on the telphone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only on the telphone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.

NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative Text

Narrative Text is a text that purpose to amuse or to entertain the reader or the listener and deal with actual or vicanous experience in different ways to the reader or listener.

Narative Text usually like folk tales, fable, legend, fairy tale, etc.

The General Structure of narrative text are

Ω Orientation

Sets the scene and introduces the participans

Ω Complication

The problem happened in the story

Ω Resolution

The crisis is resolved, for better or worse

Ω Re-orientation

The ending of the story

Ω Evaluation

A stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story

The narrative text uses of temporal conjuction

Example ; once upon a time, before, after, etc.

The narrative text uses the simple past tense

Example narrative text are :

Fable : mousedeer, crocodile, etc

Legend : Sangkuriang, Malinkundang, etc

Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow White, Pinocchio, etc

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals In The Past Form

Adalah kata Bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau

Modal in past are :

• Could
• Should
• Would
• Might

Chould + Verb base

We can use this expression :

To offer suggestion or possibilities

Example : Rosa : I am having trouble with math

Vira : Why don't you ask putrid? Prehaps She could help you

Should + Verb base

Example : Ido : Wa, you should go to library now

Iwa : OK !

	Would + Verb base

Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past

Example : Oca : What did you usually do for holiday?

Vita : I would visit uncle in the village, but now not anymore.

Would + Mind + V_ing

Use would to express polite request

Example : Mr. Jhon : Would you mind posting the letter?

Pujja : No, not at all

	Might + Verb base

Use mioght to tell posibilities

Example : Ita : Why is Rio talking the bus to get hemo?

Aje : He might get a flat fire

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (“…”) and should be word for word.

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a tie in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For example :

Direct speech	Indirect speech
“I'm going to the cinema”, he said	He said he was going to the cinema

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive Text
a. Social function
To describe a particular person, places, or thing or animal.
b. Generic structure
1. Identification (identifies phenomenon to be described)
2. Description describes parts, qualities, characteristic
c. Grammatical Features
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Use of attribute (e.g. possessive pronoun: mine, ours)
3. Frequent use of classifies (e.g. adjective: beautiful, long hair) in nominal groups (some, many, any etc.)
4. Use of simple present tense
Report Text
a. Social function to describe the way things are, with reference to arrange of natural, man made and social phenomena in our environment.
b. Generic Structure
1. General classification (tells both the phenomenon under discussion is)
2. Description (tells about phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of part qualities habits or behaviors)
c. Grammatical Features
1. Focus on generic participant
2. Use of rational processes to state what is and that which it is.
3. use the simple present tense
4. no temporal sequence (first, second, than, after that, finally)
Examples of text report:
• Text books
• Encyclopaedias
• Scientific magazine
• Historical text
• Government report
• Factual reading books
• Reference books
• Classroom lessons
• Environment programs
• TV documents
• Magazines and newspapers articles
• Science program media
• Local information text about health services
• Information about important issues etc.
Written by: Neng Ria Saparingga a resource from my summary classroom lessons Foreign Language College Sebelas April Sumedang of Writing on March 17 , 2009. Instructor by H. Muzmar Qo’imin, Drs., M.Hum.

INTRODUCTORY IT

INRODUCTORY IT
A : To understand this lesson is easy
B : It is easy to understand this lesson.
In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the cubject position in the sentence. thus, it is called introductory “it”.

Introductory “it” as a subject:
A : To watch musical programs is pleasent.
B : It is pleasent to Watch musical program

Introductory it with seem, appear and look

Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase with a gerund ini t or a clause.

- It looked doubtfl whether she would come.
- It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, cons, etc...
- I considered it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
Introductory it in question
- When was is that the maneger came?
- It was at 10 am that the maneger came.

NEWS ITEM

News item is factual text which infroms the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Function of news item :
Social function of news items is to infrom readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:
- Newsworthy event(s) : recounts the events in summary form.
- Background event(s) : elaborate what happend , to WHOM, in WHAT circumstance.
- Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

Significant Granma features:
~ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
~ Generally using Simple Past Tense
~ Use of material priocesses to rettel the event
~ Using Action verbs, ex: run, go, kil, etc
~ Using saying verbs, ex: say, tell
~ Focus on circumstances
~ Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.

There an some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible:
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of “be’
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tnese is used, usually to describe something that is changing or
developing,but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentence

A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article
below it.
Read some newspaper headlines below:
1. Michael Jackson’s last album “This is it” will be on the market in November.
2. Rupiah becomes stronger at the end of this week.

Example:

RI wants Thai firms to work with local fishery companies

Lilian Budianto , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta Tue, 02/16/2010 11:11 AM World
Is it right?: Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa (right) talks to Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya during a press conference at the Foreign Ministry, on Monday, in Jakarta. Marty held a bilateral meeting with his visiting counterpart Kasit to discuss a range of issues, including illegal fishing and the situation in southern Thailand. JP/J. Adiguna
Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said here Monday Indonesia wanted Thai fishing firms to form joint venture with local companies if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.After receiving Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya at his office in Jakarta, Marty told a press conference that the joint operation was a key step toward eradicating illegal fishing. “We are working very closely to finalize an MoU by the middle of this year — one that moves beyond the old formula of the issuance of license [for Thai vessels to operate in Indonesian waters], and toward more joint ventures and partnerships for the mutual benefit of both countries,” Marty said. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Jakarta and Bangkok has been the subject of deliberations since early last year. Many Thai fishing firms operate with legal documents in the archipelago, but allegedly have not built processing plants as required by Indonesian regulations. The regulations, which were introduced in 2008, were aimed at creating added value and jobs in Indonesia. The Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry said Indonesian waters were the world’s biggest victim of illegal fishing, with up to 1.6 million tons of its fish being poached every year by fishing vessels from a number of other countries including Thailand. The ministry said there were at least 1,000 foreign vessels involved in illegal fishing in Indonesia’s exclusive economic zones every year, since Indonesian patrols could only cover 12 percent of the area.In the press conference, Minister Kasit expressed his agreement on the need for Thai fishery companies to work with their Indonesian counterparts if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.“As a country with the largest fishing fleet in the world and one of the largest fishery processing industries, Thailand is dependent on Indonesia’s fish [resources],” Kasit said.“But if we are to come here to fish, we want the benefits to be shared with the Indonesian side. So, there would be mutual benefits and no notion of unilateral exploitation by the Thai side...”Indonesian Ambassador to Thailand Muhammad Hatta said illegal Thai fishing in Indonesian waters cost the country Rp 30 trillion (US$2.8 billion) in every year, representing more than half of the total state losses inflicted by illegal fishing activities.“Indonesia and Thailand have set up a joint task force, which works to share information as well as take control of fishing activities in sea border areas.”Minister Kasit spent 2 days in Jakarta for a visit he said was intended to “take stock of bilateral relations” after 60 years of diplomatic ties. Both ministers will convene at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Vietnam in April.Berly Martawardaya, a lecturer with the University of Indonesia’s school of economics, said both countries had to utilize ASEAN forums to sort out pending issues before the formation of the ASEAN community by 2015.“It is recognized that Indonesia is facing difficulties in maintaining control of its vast water areas with its limited budget.”

2. SINGAPORE: A supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote.Muhammad Shafiq Woon Abdullah was brought to court in Singapore because he had physically hurt the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002, the Straits Time said.The magistrate’s court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.He hit her on the head with the TV sets remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On the occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming.S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq’s lawyer, said that his client had become mad when he saw his daughter’s face covered as she was lying in bed. He said his client thought the maid had put the child in danger.

NOUN PHRASES

A noun phrase (NP) is a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers.
This means that one noun or pronoun can be grammatically functioned as NP.
For the NP modifer, there are 2 kinds considering by its position:
1. pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
2. post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
The NP pattern is simple in normal sentence and imperative mood, but it’s much harder in question form with inversion.

For English:
1) pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
1.1) Adjective
1. Opinion or judgment — beautiful, ugly, easy, fast, interesting
2. Size — small, tall, short, big
3. Age — young, old, new, historic, ancient
4. Shape — round, square, rectangular
5. Color — red, black, green, purple
6. Nationality — French, Asian, American, Canadian, Japanese
7. Material — wooden, metallic, plastic, glass, paper
8. Purpose or Qualifier — foldout (sofa), fishing (boat), racing (car)
For an adjective, it is allowed to have several adjectives modifying one head noun, but their relative order is fixed to a certain degree following the given orders respectively, e.g., beautiful long curved old red Italian steel racing car.
1.2) Determiner which includes
– articles (the, a)
– demonstratives (this, that)
– numerals (two, 5)
– possessives (my, their)
– quantifiers (some, many)
For a determiner, one unit can be used once for a certain NP. However, the rule is dismissed in case of royal usage, e.g., his majesty the king.
1.3) Noun
– some noun can be placed before another noun as a modifier such as university student, tiger hunting, etc. This include noun with possessive marker ’s such as Nurse’s uniform.
2) post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
2.1) Prepositional phrase (PP)
– PP here includes an NP after the head preposition (in the box) in = preposition | the box = NP
2.2) Relative Clause (RC)
– Not all RCs are able to modify NP but adjective clause.
Check this out!
(1) I don’t care who he is.
(2) I don’t care her who doesn’t love me.
Only example (2) is an adjective clause since the clause with relative marker is functioned as an adjective to modify pronoun “her”.
In example (1), the clause is function as an object of the sentence so it is called a noun clause and it is not concerned as a post modifier to NP.

Here is all possible NP modifiers in English.
!Note that adjective and determiner can occur together, but a determiner always positions on the leftmost. Moreover, both of them can only modify a noun, not a personal pronoun.
!!Another note that adjective clause modifies the immediate noun, e.g., “the book on the table which is burnt” = “which is burnt” modifies table, not book.

Finite Verb

Finite Verb

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tenses according to the ruler and categories of languages in which it occurs.

· Finite verb can form “Indenpendent Clause” which constand by their own as complete sentences

· An Independent clause is a complete sentences it contain the main subject and verb of asentences

· In English only verb in contain mob the finite.These includes.

→ Indicate mood : expressing state of appairs in indicative mood finite verb is must used verb.

Example : Elis is going to shop

→ Imperative mood , giving a command

example : Help me please !!!

Don't do that !!!

Verb – Finite / Non Finite

Finite Verb

A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural)

For example :

I lived in Germany. (I is the subject-lived describes what the subject did-lived is a finite verb).

Non-Finite Verbs

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinite (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.

For example :

I lived in Germany to improve my German.(To improve is in the infinite form-improve is non-finite).

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple future tense is used describing job or action that will to do ( happened) at future.

a.Verbal sentence.

Subject: I, we
+ Subject + shall + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + shall + not + infinitive (V1)
? Shall + subject + infinitive (V1) ?
Ex: + We shall go to Tokyo tommorow.
- We shall not (shan’t) go to Tokyo Tomorrow.
? Shall we go to Tokyo tommorow?

Subject: You, they, he, she, It
+ Subject + will + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + will + not + infinitive (V1)
? Will + subject + infinitive (V1) ?
Ex: + Justin Bieber visit me next week.
- Justin Bieber will not (won’t) visit me next week.
? Will Justin Biber visit me next week?

b. To be Going to
+ Subject + to be + going to + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + to be + not + going to + infinitive (V1)
? To be + subject + going to + infinitive (V1)?
Ex: + Lady Daey is going to New York next week.
- Lady Daey is not going to New York next week.
? Is Lady Daey going to New York nex week?

c. Nominal Sentence
Subject: I, we
+ Subject + shall + be + noun verb
- Subject + shall + not + be + noun verb
? Shall + Subject + be + noun verb?
Ex: + I shall be at home tonight.
- I shall not be at home tonight.
? Shall I be at home tonight?

Subject : You, they, he , she , it
+ Subject + will + be + noun verb
- Subject + will + not + be + noun verb
? Will + subject + be + noun verb?
Ex: + Julitha Mullia will be happy
- Julitha Mullia will not be happy.
? Will Julitha Mullia be happy?

Time Signal
- Tommorow = Besok
- Tommorow morning = Besok pagi
- Tommorow afternoon = Besok siang
- Tommorow night = Besok malam
- Next week = Minggu depan
- Next month = Bulan depan
- Next year = Tahun depan
- Later = Nanti
- Soon = Segera
- Immediately = Segera

OFFERING

Ways to say it

* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?
* Would you care some salad?

Ofering to friends:

* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:

* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?

Declining an offering

* No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:

* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember.....
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m affraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example..
It was Sunday morning, Cinta got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Doni : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Doni : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) sangat popular penggunaannya, baik dalam percakapan sehari-hari maupun dalam buku-buku bacaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat ini dikenal dengan kata kerja berawalan di- (ditulis, diberi, dimarahi, dll). Dalam kalimat aktif mungkin kita mengatakan demikian :

The teacher warned John for being late. —> Guru memperingatkan John karena terlambat.

Tetapi kalau kita ingin menyatakan kalimat ini dalam bentuk pasif, kita akan mengatakan :

John was warned by the teacher for being late. —> John diperingatkan oleh guru karena terlambat.

Aturan-aturan untuk membentuk kalimat pasif, yaitu (1) Kalimatnya harus mempunyai Object (Transitive Verb). (2) Object dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subject dalam kalimat pasif. (3) Kata kerjanya harus bentuk ke-III (Past Participle) didahului oleh to be (am, is, are, was, were, been). Dan (4) Susunan kalimat menurut Tenses.

A. Simple Past Tense

Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.

B. Simple Present Tense

Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.

C. Present Perfect Tense

Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.

D. Present Continuous Tense

Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.

E. Simple Future Tense

Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.

F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries

Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle

Contoh :

(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.

(BK)

VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

Rooms in a house vocabulary

Useful Vocabulary - click on a room to find out more

Pronunciation Click here

Build Up

Other Rooms

Attic	People store things in the attic.
Ballroom	A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room	A small room used for storage.
Cellar	Underneath the house.
Cloakroom	A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory	A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room	A room where people eat.
Drawing Room	A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room	A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall	The entrance passage to a house.
Larder	A small room used for the storage of food.
Library	A room where books are kept.
Lounge	Another name for living room.
Music Room	A room where people play music.
Office	A room where people work.
Pantry	A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour	Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room	Another name for living room.
Spare Room/ Guest Room	A room where guests sleep.
Toilet	A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room	A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Things you may find around the house

light bulb(s)	plug(s)	socket(s)	torch(es)
ceiling light(s)	lamp(s)	curtain(s)
	shelf (shelves)	(tele)phone(s)	box(es)
plug(s)	battery (batteries)	photo(graph)(s)

Naturally Speaking

Click on the words to hear the pronunciation

Dialogue

Here is a conversation between Mrs Smith (Joan) and husband Steve.

It's Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan	Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve	Where?
Joan	Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve	Oh yes, I see it. It's difficult in this light.
Joan	I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve	Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan	Yes, but don't worry, I'm really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he wants his room doing in.
Steve	I know, it's difficult when you're a boy. At least he's grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he'll ask for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan	Yes, but it is his room. I'm glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve	One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan	Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve	Hmmm, thanks. Here's a brush.

Games and Tests for this Vocabulary Unit

All these games and tests open in a new window.

All these games and tests open in a new window.